Study Guide Anthropology &204.2 Archaeology Methods
Site Formation
Artifact
Ecofact
Feature
Energy Capture
Hunter & Gatherers
Pasturalists
Horticulturalists
Intensive Agriculture
Industrial Agriculture
Post-Industrial Agriculture
Formulation
Training
Research
Discovery
Implementation
Permits
Resources
Equipment
Personnel
Data Acquisition
GPR
Survey
Excavation
Datum Point
Layers
Matrix
Mapping
Processing
Lab work
Conservation
Numbering
Cataloguing
Analysis
Preservation
Artifact Origins
Creation
Usage
Implications
Interpretation
Reconstruction of Site
Reconstruction of Activities
Reconstruction of Change
Publication
Artifact Conservation
Site Conservation
Contract Archaeology
Relative Dating Techniques
Absolute Dating Techniques (see attachment at bottom)
Paleolithic
Mesolithic
Neolithic
Clovis
Copper Age
Bronze Age
Iron Age
Steel
Composites
Raw Hide
Leather
Weaving
Knit
Exotic Fabrics
Fire Hardened
Carving
Planks
Long Term Construction
Finished Carpentry
Ceramics
Earthenware
Pinch-pots
Wheel
Porcelain
Text Book Ashmore & Sharer:
Chapter 4 READ IT TWICE!
Artifact
Features
Ecofacts
Sites
Regions
Acquisition
Behavioral Process,
Manufacture
Use
Deposition
Transformational Process
Chart 4.7 (or whatever it is now showing above terms)
Matrix
Provenience
Context
MIDDENS
Research Design
Sample Units
Figure 4.15 (Seven Stages of Archaeology)
Formulation
Implementation
Data Gathering
Data Processing
Analysis
Interpretation
Publication
Chapter 5 (read twice)
Archaeological Survey
Surface Survey
Sub-Surface Survey
Coring
Magnetometer
Resistance Detector
Excavation
Stratification
Law of Superposition
Stratigraphy
Penetrating excavation
Clearing Excavations
Micromorphology
Classification
Stylistic
Form
Technology
Types
Assemblages
Sub assemblages
Chapter 6
Industries
Direct Percussion
Pressure Flake
Ceramics
Pottery
Slip
Glaze
Vitrification
Metallurgy
Cold Hammering
Annealing
Smelt
Ecofacts
Chapter 7
Direct Dating
Indirect Dating
Relative Dating
Absolute Dating
Seriation
Sequence Comparisons
Stratigraphy
Obsidian Hydration
Bone Chemistry
Potassium-Argon
Archaeomagnetism
Absolute Dating Techniques
(but they don’t guarantee a good date)
Dendrochronolgy Tree ring dating
Geographically specific
Requires timbers with relatively clear rings
Limited records (few thousand years 10,000 at most)
Documentary Evidence Rare but wonderful
Dated Materials Rare but wonderful
Carbon 14 HL 5730 yr Limit 60-70,000 yrs ratio of Carbon 14 to 12 in burned sample
Potassium-Argon HL 1330 Million Years Limit 5000 yrs old to Billions
Ratio of Potassium 40 to (Argon 40 and Calcium 40)
(Must have Potassium 40 (igneous to start with)
Fission Track Dating HL (NA) Limit 20 to 5 Billion yrs ago
Counting number of Uranium 238 tracks through material
Obsidian Hydration NA
Works on measuring crust formation on outside of obsidian, caused by dehydration (Reliability Questions)
Archaeomagnetism NA
Measure direction of Earth’s magnetic field and compare to a chart.
Not very specific (+ or – 50-100,000 years)
Thermoluminescence NA
When Ceramics are fired, Thermal energy is released. As pottery ages, it recollects new energy as it ages.
Object is fired and Thermoluminescence is measured.
Also useful for soil dating.
